IN THIS RESEARCH PAPER
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- References Style: APA
Recommended for : Student Researchers
DOWNLOAD COMPLETE RESEARCH MATERIAL NOW! NGN3,000Abstract:
This study investigates the production of bio-lubricant from Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and compares its quality with that of a commercially available lubricant, Tonimas Oil. The objective was to evaluate whether PKO can be an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based lubricants. The PKO-based lubricant was synthesized by dissolving 12.5 mL of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate and 47.5 mL of Ethylene Propylene in 400 mL of PKO, followed by mixing to achieve a homogeneous solution. The quality of the resulting bio-lubricant was assessed through standard tests for kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100°C, specific gravity at 15°C, and flash point. The results showed that the PKO-based lubricant had a kinematic viscosity of 128.00 cSt at 40°C and 11.6 cSt at 100°C, a specific gravity of 0.8817 at 15°C, and a flash point of 242°C. In comparison, Tonimas Oil exhibited a kinematic viscosity of 131.00 cSt at 40°C and 12.06 cSt at 100°C, a specific gravity of 0.8985 at 15°C, and a flash point of 262°C. While Tonimas Oil demonstrated slightly better performance in these parameters, the PKO-based lubricant met the international standards for lubricating oils as outlined by ISO. This research highlights the potential of palm kernel oil as a renewable and biodegradable alternative to conventional lubricants, contributing to environmental sustainability while maintaining acceptable quality standards.
Keywords: Bio-lubricant, Palm kernel oil, Tonimas oil, Kinematic viscosity, Specific gravity, Flash point, Renewable lubricants, Environmental sustainability
DOWNLOAD COMPLETE RESEARCH MATERIAL NOW! NGN3,000
Buy This Topic On WhatsApp
Table Of Contents
Title
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Scope of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Bio-lubricants and the Environment
2.2 Sources of Oils
2.3 Oil formation in seeds
2.4 Types of oils
2.5 General description of palm kernel oil
2.6 Palm kernel seed oil productions
2.7 Uses of palm kernel oil
2.8 General addictive used in lubricant
2.9 Types of addictives
2.10 Motor oil
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods
3.1 List of Materials and Reagents needed
3.2 Collection of the Sample
3.3 Production of lubricant oil using palm kernel oil
3.4 Determination of Kinematic Viscosity @40oc
3.5 Determination of Kinematic Viscosity @100oc
3.6 Determination of flash point
3.7 Determination of specific Gravity
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References