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This study investigates the ameliorative effects of methanol leaf extract from Mucuna pruriens on kidney markers in malaria-infected mice. Malaria, caused by Plasmodium species, remains a significant global health concern, especially in endemic regions. The therapeutic efficacy of Mucuna pruriens in combating malaria-related kidney dysfunction was evaluated using 25 adult albino mice. These mice were divided into five groups, with varying doses of the methanol leaf extract (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg) administered for eight days, and Plasmodium berghei was used to induce malaria. Group 1 served as the negative control, receiving only the solvent, while Group 2 received the standard antimalarial treatment (ACT) as the positive control. Kidney function was assessed through serum levels of urea, creatinine, and bilirubin on days 4 and 8. On day 4, the curative percentages of the groups were 0%, 41.43%, 39.34%, 46.1%, and 67.93%, while on day 8, they increased to 28.13%, 97.19%, 87.70%, 80%, and 95.19%, respectively. Notably, the extract treatment did not significantly alter kidney marker levels, suggesting that Mucuna pruriens possesses antimalarial properties without adversely affecting renal function. This study supports the potential of Mucuna pruriens as a viable alternative or adjunct to traditional antimalarial drugs, particularly in settings where access to pharmaceutical treatments is limited.
Keywords: Mucuna pruriens, methanol leaf extract, malaria, kidney markers, Plasmodium berghei, urea, creatinine, antimalarial, nephrotoxicity, herbal medicine.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Aims/Objectives of the study
1.4 Specific Objectives
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Research Questions
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 General Classification of Mucuna pruriens
2.1.1 General Description of Agbala (Mucuna pruriens)
2.1.2 Nutritional properties
2.1.3 Phytochemical properties
2.1.4 Current uses of Mucuna pruriens
2.1.5 Nutraceutical versatility
2.1.6 Antioxidant property
2.1.7 Antivenin property
2.1.8 Fertility enhancing property
2.1.9 Growth promoting property
2.1.10 Hypoglycemic property
2.1.11Anthelmintic property
2.2 Review on prevalence of malaria in Nigeria
2.3 Species of plasmodium
2.4 Review of kidney markers
2.5 Markers of Kidney function
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Samples used
3.1.2 Equipments/Apparatuses
3.1.3 Reagents used
3.2 Methods
3.2.1 Preparation of plant materials for extraction
3.2.2 Determination of LD50
3.2.3 Estimation of antimicrobial activity of Mucuna pruriens
3.2.4 Staining Technique
3.2.5 Urea Estimation
3.2.6 Estimation of Creatinine
3.2.7 Bilirubin Estimation
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
4.1 Acute toxicity
4.2 Antimalaria Activity
4.3 Creatinine
4.4 Bilirubin
4.5 Urea
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDICES